European Review of Contemporary Arts and Humanities

https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/issue/feed European Review of Contemporary Arts and Humanities 2025-12-05T19:31:56+05:00 Emma Visser admin@claritaslumen.org Open Journal Systems <p>The European Review of Contemporary Arts and Humanities (ISSN 3117-3551) is a peer-reviewed platform dedicated to advancing scholarly dialogue and innovative research across the fields of music, theater, fine arts, literature, film, design, and cultural studies. It seeks to bring together diverse perspectives from academics, practitioners, and emerging voices, fostering critical reflection on both traditional and contemporary artistic practices. By exploring the intersections of creativity, cultural expression, and social transformation, the journal aims to highlight the role of the arts as a dynamic force in shaping identities, preserving heritage, and inspiring new forms of expression in a rapidly changing global context.</p> https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/25 PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ ARTISTIC THINKING IN DUTOR PERFORMANCE 2025-12-05T19:19:58+05:00 Dilbar Makhmutovna Berdikhanova

the article highlights the fact that the dutor, one of the Uzbek national instruments, is an art school that embodies ancient traditions, elegant melodies, unique performance techniques and artistic content. Involving students in dutor performance serves not only to develop their performing skills, but also their musical thinking, aesthetic worldview, and spiritual and moral maturity. The art of music is one of the most subtle and effective means that directly affects the human psyche, forms its aesthetic perception, and develops creative thinking. Developing artistic thinking in the process of teaching the art of dutor is one of the most effective ways to preserve national culture, instill love for art, and form creative thinking in future generations.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/26 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES APPROPRIATE TO AGE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ACQUISITION OF DUTOR CREATIVITY AND PERFORMANCE SKILLS 2025-12-05T19:20:09+05:00 Dilfuza Jumabekovna Ktaybekova

This article develops methodological approaches taking into account the age characteristics of students in the process of acquiring dutor creativity and performance skills. The relationship between musical perception, motor development, psychological preparation, the level of creative thinking and the speed of individual musical mastery of the student is analyzed on the basis of didactic principles, pedagogical laws and theories of music education. Also, the use of age-appropriate methodological models in the process of playing the dutor, theorems of step-by-step teaching, demonstrativeness and activity-based educational concepts are thoroughly substantiated.

The vocal art of the Uzbek Maqom stands as one of the most sophisticated and spiritually resonant musical systems of Central Asia. Its complexity resides not merely in its modal-theoretical framework (maqom as a system of melodic modes) or its cyclic structure, but profoundly in the realm of performance practice, where the abstract mode is given life, nuance, and profound emotional depth. At the heart of this practice lies the art of ornamentation - a complex, micro-structural system of melodic embellishment that serves as the primary vehicle for artistic individuality, technical mastery, and semantic expression. This article posits that ornamentation in Uzbek Maqom vocal performance is not an auxiliary decorative element but the very substance through which the theoretical maqom is realized, interpreted, and transformed into a living, affective experience. Through an interdisciplinary analysis drawing on ethnomusicological fieldwork, acoustic examination, and the indigenous theoretical lexicon (istilohot), this study seeks to deconstruct the functional and aesthetic roles of specific ornamental techniques. It will argue that these techniques constitute a coded language, articulating structural points, intensifying emotional states prescribed by the poetic text, and navigating the intricate modal landscape with deliberate microtonal and rhythmic nuance. The analysis thereby illuminates the central paradox of the tradition: that its most rigidly codified aspects - the sho’ba (movements) and their modal rules - find their ultimate expression in the fluid, improvisational, and highly personal art of vocal embellishment.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/28 INTEGRATION OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND TRADITIONAL DRAWING 2025-12-05T19:20:25+05:00 Diyora G‘ulomjon qizi Baxrillayeva

The interaction between computer graphics and traditional drawing in the process of contemporary art is elucidated on a scientific-theoretical basis. The influence of integrative processes formed between digital technologies and classical visual art methods on the development of artistic thinking, visual expression, technical styles and visual culture has been analyzed. The reinterpretation of traditional drawing principles in the digital environment, the rise of the creative process to new stages, as well as the importance of the integrative approach in art pedagogy, are explained on scientific grounds.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/29 COMPLEX RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS IN PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS 2025-12-05T19:20:31+05:00 Nurbek Baxram o‘g‘li Jumaniyozov

The epidemiology and clinical management of pediatric respiratory infections are increasingly defined by complexity, moving beyond the paradigm of single-pathogen etiology. This article examines the rising significance of complex respiratory pathogens in children, encompassing viral-viral and viral-bacterial coinfections, polymicrobial interactions, and their synergy with the developing host immune system and respiratory microbiome. We explore the unique vulnerability of the pediatric airway, where anatomical and immunological immaturity creates a fertile ground for these synergistic infections. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which primary viral agents, such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV), disrupt defenses and facilitate secondary bacterial colonization are detailed. We discuss the associated challenges in clinical diagnosis and interpretation of multiplex molecular testing, where detecting multiple agents complicates causal attribution and therapeutic decision-making. The review further addresses current and evolving strategies in clinical management, emphasizing supportive care, judicious antibiotic use, and the critical role of preventive measures, including vaccination against key viral and bacterial pathogens. Finally, we consider the long-term implications of severe, complex infections in early childhood on subsequent respiratory health, particularly the development of recurrent wheeze and asthma. A comprehensive understanding of these multifaceted interactions is essential for improving outcomes, guiding rational therapy, and shaping future research and public health strategies in pediatric respiratory medicine.

This article provides brief information about the history of fine arts in Uzbekistan, and also highlights the creative works of famous artists and sculptors who worked in Uzbekistan.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/31 A SYSTEMATIC PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO MAQOM ENCULTURATION IN UNDERGRADUATE VOCAL STUDIES 2025-12-05T19:20:42+05:00 Ijodbek Jurayev

This article proposes a systematic pedagogical model for moving beyond the superficial performance of world music and toward the deep enculturation of students into non-Western vocal traditions. Using the Uzbek Maqom as a case study, the paper outlines a structured four-phase approach for undergraduate vocal studies. The model begins with Aural Immersion, dedicated to normalizing the tradition’s unique sound-world through analytical listening. This is followed by a phase of Technical Disruption, where students construct a parallel vocal technique to address the demands of microtonal inflection and specialized timbre. The third phase, Contextual Internalization, integrates the study of classical Sufi poetry and modal theory to imbue technical skills with semantic and structural meaning. The process culminates in Synthesized Interpretation, where students demonstrate mastery through collaborative performance and contextualized lecture-recitals. This systematic framework argues that true integration requires a holistic transformation of the student’s musical cognition, fostering not only performative competence but also the cultural literacy and empathetic understanding necessary for responsible artistic engagement in a globalized world.

This article analyzes the process of culture formation in the early Middle Ages, the stages of development of art, science and the education system, as well as the specific features of the aesthetic values of that period. The study highlights the interaction of the cultures of the Byzantine and Islamic worlds, the influence of religious ideas on art and science, as well as the cultural ties between Eastern and Western civilizations. The article interprets the culture of the early Middle Ages as a new stage in human thought - the period of the formation of an aesthetic worldview based on divinity and spiritual beauty.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/33 THE CONCEPT OF TRAGIC FATE IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: EASTERN AND WESTERN PERSPECTIVES 2025-12-05T19:20:58+05:00 Manzura Akhrorova

This study explores the concept of tragic fate, one of the oldest aesthetic categories in literary studies, tracing its evolution from classical Greek tragedy to modern Eastern and Western literature. Through a comparative analysis of Shakespeare’s tragedies (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet) and Navoi’s Farhod and Shirin, the research examines how fate, character flaws, and social circumstances shape tragic outcomes. The study highlights universal and culture-specific features of tragedy, demonstrating that while external and internal factors vary across cultures, the central function of tragedy - depicting inevitable misfortune and human vulnerability before destiny - remains consistent. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of tragedy as both a literary and socio-cultural phenomenon.

This article highlights the theoretical foundations and practical principles of the process of restoring works of visual art. The methods of studying the material structure of the artwork, its preserved condition, the chemical properties of pigments, and its historical context during restoration are analyzed, and the use of modern technologies - photogrammetry, laser scanning, infrared analysis, conservation materials, and digital reconstruction techniques - in restoration practice is explained on the basis of a scientific approach. The article reveals the combined competencies of a restorer, which are formed through the integration of art history, chemistry, physics, and technical skills.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/35 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EASTERN AND WESTERN ORCHESTRAL TRADITIONS 2025-12-05T19:26:19+05:00 M.M.Kurbanova

This article presents a comparative analysis of the structural, functional, and aesthetic features of Eastern and Western orchestral traditions. The standardized instrumental composition, tempering system, and strictly notated performance practices of the Western symphony orchestra are compared with the timbral diversity, the complexity of the modal (lad-maqam) system, and the improvisational approaches of Eastern orchestras. The study also analyzes the pedagogical differences between the national instrumental schools of the East (Uzbekistan, Turkey, Iran, China) and the academic orchestral system of the West, highlighting opportunities for integration and synthesis in contemporary music. The findings contribute to the development of Eastern-Western musical relations, the formation of new compositional approaches in orchestral performance, and the improvement of music education.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/36 TRANSMISSION OF SHASHMAQOM REPERTOIRE IN CONTEMPORARY MASTER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS 2025-12-05T19:26:26+05:00 Muxsim Muminov

The Uzbek and Tajik Shashmaqom stands as a monumental classical music tradition, a complex fusion of melodic modes, poetic cycles, and prescribed instrumental and vocal movements. While its structural and modal architecture has been extensively documented, the vital human process through which this living canon is perpetuated remains less examined. This article investigates the contemporary transmission of the Shashmaqom repertoire through the foundational ustoz-shogird (master-student) relationship. It argues that despite profound socio-political transformations in the twentieth century - including Soviet-era institutionalization and post-independence national revival - the ustoz-shogird dynamic remains the irreducible core of authentic transmission. This study employs an ethnographic methodology, drawing upon participant observation and in-depth interviews with masters and apprentices within major cultural centers in Uzbekistan. The analysis reveals a dynamic, negotiated process where traditional pedagogical principles of oral imitation, holistic immersion, and ethical formation are consciously adapted within modern contexts of conservatoires, state ensembles, and digital media. The findings demonstrate that the transmission process is not a mere transfer of fixed repertoire but a total socialization into a aesthetic worldview, where technical mastery of maqom is inextricably linked to the cultivation of cultural memory, ethical disposition (adab), and a distinctly personalized artistic voice. The contemporary ustoz-shogird relationship thus emerges as a crucial, resilient site for both the preservation of canonical knowledge and its thoughtful evolution in a globalized era.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/37 CONNECTIONS AND ITS TYPES 2025-12-05T19:26:32+05:00 Gulshoda Bahrom qizi Boyigitova boyigitovagulshoda@gmail.com

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the important connections and their types in the science of graphic representation. The content of connections, analytical and graphic methods of their construction, geometric laws of smooth transitions between straight lines, circles, curves and spatial surfaces are scientifically covered. The practical importance of connections in mechanical engineering, architecture, industrial design and computer graphics is also shown. The article is aimed at forming a drawing culture in students, developing geometric thinking and strengthening the skills of correctly applying connections in real projects.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/38 THE FORMATION OF COLORS IN NATURE AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE 2025-12-05T19:26:39+05:00 Farxod Islamovich Sattarov

This article scientifically covers the process of color formation in nature, their spectral structure, and human perception. The contribution of such scientists as Newton, Lomonosov, Helmholtz, and Goethe to color theory is analyzed in a simple, consistent, and scientific tone. The basic laws of achromatic and chromatic types of colors, their warm-cold classification, changes depending on the environment, and complementary color systems are described.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/39 STAGES OF CREATING A COMPLEX STILL LIFE COMPOSITION IN PAINTING 2025-12-05T19:26:44+05:00 Tillaxon Odiljon qizi G‘aybullayeva

This article provides a step-by-step explanation of the process of creating a complex still life composition in painting. It analyzes every stage, from selecting the components of the still life and arranging them compositionally, to creating a pencil sketch, building volume through light and shadow, enriching textures, and applying final touches. Using a thematic still life featuring pomegranates and grapes, the article thoroughly describes compositional structure, methods of achieving realistic representation, spatial relationships among objects, and artistic solutions. The article serves as a practical methodological guide for art teachers, students, painters, and artists engaged in painting.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/40 EFFECTIVENESS OF USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DRAWING 2025-12-05T19:26:52+05:00 Nodiraxon Bahromjon qizi Rahimjonova

This in the article drawing in science digital technologies of use training to the process impact, students graphic literacy and creative competencies in development role analysis Research during traditional drawing lessons with digital tools based on organization done of lessons efficiency compared, including AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SketchUp and other graphic of programs of the students spatial imagination, precision, drawing to perform speed and technician to think impact evaluated. Results according to, digital from technologies use students mastery indicators noticeable increased, complicated geometric shapes in modeling to them comfortable conditions created. Research drawing science modernization in doing digital technologies integration current that it is shows.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/41 MODERN APPROACH AND IMPORTANCE OF DRAWING TEACHING 2025-12-05T19:26:58+05:00 Moxigul Xakimxo’ja qizi Odilova

Drawing is relevant not only because it is a technique, but also because it is the basis for art and creative ideas. In drawing lessons, the student can visually demonstrate his spatial imagination. This can open the way for various discoveries, so we analyze new approaches to teaching drawing and their effectiveness.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/42 METHODS OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPATIAL THINKING ABILITIES IN DRAWING LESSONS 2025-12-05T19:27:10+05:00 Go‘zalxon Olmosboy qizi Oxunjonova

This article examines effective methods, pedagogical approaches, and didactic technologies that serve to develop students’ spatial thinking in drawing lessons. Spatial thinking is the ability of students to mentally model the shape, position, size of objects in space, and the relationships between them, and plays a central role in the formation of technical and engineering competencies. The study analyzed the effectiveness of traditional and innovative methods, the level of complexity of graphic tasks, the effectiveness of visual aids, and the impact of the use of information and communication technologies on student thinking. Based on the results of practical experience, conclusions are given on improving the educational process that serves to develop spatial thinking.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/43 TEACHING ACADEMIC WRITING WITH CHATGPT: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS 2025-12-05T19:27:17+05:00 Sodiqjon Ibragimov

This article examines the influence of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT on the teaching and learning of academic writing in higher education. The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies is creating new opportunities for students and teachers, as well as serious pedagogical and ethical problems. The article examines the positive aspects of ChatGPT in developing academic writing skills, including opportunities such as generating ideas, improving text structure, overcoming language barriers, and providing personalized education. At the same time, the negative consequences of the uncontrolled use of this tool, such as the weakening of critical thinking ability, the rise of “AI-plagiarism,” the unreliability of information (“hallucinations”), and stylistic uniformity, are evaluated based on scientific sources. The article concludes by presenting practical recommendations for integrating ChatGPT responsibly into the educational process, utilizing it as a “co-pilot,” and maintaining academic integrity.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/44 DEVELOPING COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN GERMAN LANGUAGE LEARNERS THROUGH LITERARY TEXTS 2025-12-05T19:27:24+05:00 Ayjan Polatovna Narmatova ayjan@uwed.uz

This research investigates the role of literary texts in fostering country- specific cultural competence among learners of German as a foreign language. It explores how engagement with selected literary works can enhance students’ understanding of historical, social, and cultural contexts of German-speaking countries. The methodology integrates lexical-cultural analysis, interpretive discussions, and project-based assignments. Empirical results from a university-level course demonstrate a significant improvement in cultural awareness, analytical skills, and learner motivation, suggesting that literary texts provide an effective framework for integrating linguistic and cultural education.

The contemporary library and information landscape is fundamentally architected upon database technologies, making comprehensive database literacy an essential pillar of professional formation for library students. This article argues that mastery extends beyond simple search proficiency to encompass a suite of integrated core competencies critical for modern practice. It articulates these competencies as a continuum from foundational to advanced, beginning with an architectural understanding of database structures, including the relational model and data normalization principles. This foundational knowledge underpins the advanced skill of strategic query formulation, which combines technical syntax with the intellectual mediation of controlled vocabularies and search logic. The article further explores the competency of navigating and critically evaluating a diverse database typology, from bibliographic indexes to discovery layers and knowledge graphs. In an era where libraries are active digital stewards, competencies in metadata schemas and the role of databases in digital collection life cycles are examined. Crucially, the article positions these technical skills within the professional imperative of user-centered pedagogy and ethical service, addressing instruction strategies and the political economy of information resources. Finally, it considers the horizon of emerging trends, including artificial intelligence and Linked Data. This holistic framework asserts that such competencies are not merely technical adjuncts but are constitutive of the librarian's ability to provide expert mediation, ensure equitable access, and fulfill the institution's mission in a digital society.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/46 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AND COHESION IN THE ORCHESTRAL ENSEMBLE 2025-12-05T19:29:36+05:00 Shuxrat Sharipovich Isaqov

This article examines the critical role of nonverbal communication as the foundational mechanism for achieving cohesion within the symphonic orchestra. It argues that the ensemble’s ability to function as a unified artistic entity is predicated upon a complex, multi-directional system of silent interaction that transcends the mere transmission of tempo. The analysis delineates the specific functions of the conductor’s baton, left hand, gaze, and facial expression as distinct channels for shaping musical structure, nuance, and emotional character. Furthermore, the discussion expands beyond the conductor to explore the essential nonverbal dialogue that occurs among the musicians themselves, a network of mutual awareness that ensures resilient synchrony. The rehearsal process is framed as the essential crucible for calibrating this shared vocabulary of gesture. The article concludes by positing that the apex of this communication is a state of collective flow, wherein the ensemble transcends individual execution to achieve a fused sonic and expressive identity, demonstrating that the most profound aspects of orchestral artistry are conducted in silence.

2025-12-05T00:00:00+05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/47 SHEARING AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN DRAWINGS 2025-12-05T19:29:41+05:00 Komila Zikirillo qizi Xabibullayeva

This article covers the basic types of cuts used in graphic representation to accurately reflect the internal structure of objects, their application rules, and principles of performance in accordance with standards. The importance of cuts in drawing, hatching requirements, and methods for determining cutting planes are also briefly described.