https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah <p>The European Review of Contemporary Arts and Humanities (ISSN 3117-3551) is a peer-reviewed platform dedicated to advancing scholarly dialogue and innovative research across the fields of music, theater, fine arts, literature, film, design, and cultural studies. It seeks to bring together diverse perspectives from academics, practitioners, and emerging voices, fostering critical reflection on both traditional and contemporary artistic practices. By exploring the intersections of creativity, cultural expression, and social transformation, the journal aims to highlight the role of the arts as a dynamic force in shaping identities, preserving heritage, and inspiring new forms of expression in a rapidly changing global context.</p> en-US admin@claritaslumen.org (Emma Visser) ( ) Wed, 05 Aug 2026 17:30:16 +0500 OJS 3.2.1.5 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/181 This article explores the socio-psychological mechanisms and characteristics of stress and emotional states among internal affairs personnel. High workloads, operational urgency, continuous contact with high-risk social groups, and strict administrative accountability contribute to heightened psychological stress among law enforcement officers. Drawing upon empirical methods, psychological diagnostic tools, and contextual observations within the Department of Internal Affairs of Namangan City, the study analyzes the primary drivers of professional stress and emotional burnout among 67 field officers and prevention inspectors. Furthermore, practical socio-psychological recommendations and preventive interventions are outlined to build psychological resilience, maintain emotional stability, and optimize the operational efficiency of prevention inspectors and field personnel. Nurmatjon Olimjon-o‘g‘li Turdialiyev Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/181 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/182 This article analyzes the legal foundations of the principles of equal pay and equal treatment for men and women in employment and occupation based on Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Union. The study examines the role of gender equality within the legal framework of the European Union, the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, mechanisms prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination based on sex, and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union in this field. Furthermore, the article explores the persistent gender pay gap in the Member States of the European Union, challenges in the implementation of the principle of equal treatment, and contemporary legal mechanisms aimed at addressing these issues. The findings demonstrate that Directive 2006/54/EC constitutes an important legal instrument for ensuring gender equality; however, enhancing its effectiveness requires strengthening pay transparency and improving enforcement and monitoring mechanisms. Aziza Alisher-kizi Ismoilova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/182 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/183 The rapid transformation of higher education requires future teachers to possess not only profound subject knowledge but also highly developed communicative competence that enables effective pedagogical interaction in diverse educational settings. Despite the growing emphasis on professional communication, many teacher education programs continue to prioritize theoretical knowledge over the systematic development of communicative speech culture. This study investigates the effectiveness of integrating educational forms, interactive teaching methods, and digital learning tools to improve the communicative speech culture of future teachers. The research employed a quasi-experimental design involving 350 second- and third-year students from Ajiniyaz Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, and National University of Uzbekistan named after Nizami. Participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 175) and a control group (n = 175). The intervention integrated debate, case-study, brainstorming, and digital instructional tools such as Canva into the educational process. Data were collected through classroom observation, questionnaires, expert assessment, self-assessment, and achievement tests. The findings indicate that the proposed pedagogical model substantially improved students’ communicative competence and professional speech culture. Following the intervention, 95% of students in the experimental group demonstrated a high level of communicative speech culture, compared with 73% in the control group. The results confirm that the systematic integration of interactive learning environments, collaborative communication activities, and digital educational technologies significantly enhances future teachers’ professional communication skills. The study contributes to contemporary teacher education by proposing an integrated methodological framework that combines educational forms, interactive pedagogical methods, and digital learning tools for developing communicative competence in higher education. Khalimabonu Bakhodirovna Bakhodirova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/183 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/184 Digital technologies are becoming an integral component of contemporary special education; however, evidence regarding their effectiveness in supporting speech development among children with hearing impairment remains limited. This study evaluated the pedagogical effectiveness of adaptive educational software developed to facilitate speech development through systematic correctional instruction. A quasi-experimental study involving 174 children aged 7–8 years from seven specialized educational institutions in Uzbekistan was conducted using experimental and control groups. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention using a comprehensive framework covering four domains of speech development: non-speech auditory perception, speech sound perception, pronunciation accuracy, and communicative vocabulary. The experimental groups participated in correctional sessions supported by adaptive educational software, whereas the control groups received conventional speech development instruction. The findings demonstrated consistently higher learning outcomes among pupils in the experimental groups across all assessed domains. Statistical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical approach, with effectiveness coefficients ranging from 1.11 to 1.14, indicating stable positive changes in children’s speech development. The findings suggest that adaptive educational software can enhance speech development when integrated into a structured correctional and pedagogical methodology. The proposed approach may be recommended for implementation in specialized educational institutions and other educational settings supporting children with hearing impairment. Yulduzkhon Mamurjon-kizi Kamolova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/184 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/185 This article provides a comprehensive study of the theoretical foundations, methodology, and research methods of comparative literature. It extensively covers the objects, objectives, and main stages of comparative analysis, as well as historical-comparative and comparative-typological methods, typological similarities, literary relations, and the role of translation in comparative literature. The article also explores the interplay between Eastern and Western literary traditions, the concept of world literature, and issues of multiculturalism. In the course of the research, the scholarly heritage of academics who left their mark in the field of comparative literature, such as A.N.Veselovsky, V.M.Zhirmunsky, N.I.Konrad, and D.Dyurishin, is analyzed, along with the contributions of G.Salomov, N.Komilov, G.Xalliyeva, and others in Uzbek literary studies. In conclusion, comparative literature serves not only to identify the general and specific aspects between literary phenomena but also to define the place of a national literature within the global literary process. Ulugbek Kuchkarovich Kuchimov, Shakhnoza Azimboyevna Yuldoshova, Dilfuza Zokirovna Rasulmukhamedova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/185 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/186 This article analyzes thanatological motifs related to death, the pre-death state, and the afterlife in the genres of contemporary American science fiction and fantasy. The article covers a wide range, from the historical roots of thanatology to the artistic and philosophical interpretations of death in classical and modern works. Using examples such as Philip K. Dick’s “Ubik,” Neil Gaiman’s “American Gods,” and Emily St. John Mandel’s “Station Eleven,” the symbolic, psychological, and social functions of death in the human experience are examined. Additionally, the expression of thanatological motifs in the film, television, and gaming industries is included within the scope of this analysis. Ulugbek Kuchkarovich Kuchimov, Shakhnoza Azimboyevna Yuldoshova, Dilfuza Zokirovna Rasulmukhamedova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/186 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/187 This article examines the phenomenon of artistic psychologism in American science fiction based on the works of Ray Bradbury, Isaac Azimov, and Stephen King. Artistic psychologism is understood as a special method of narrative construction in which the psychological states of characters - their consciousness, unconsciousness, affective reactions, and cognitive processes - become the main structural principle of narration. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the category of psychologism in literary studies and demonstrates how each of the three authors realizes this category within the framework of their individual poetics. Comparative analysis allows for the identification of both convergent and divergent features in the approaches of Bradbury, Azimov, and King to the artistic mastery of psychological reality. It is concluded that psychologism is a constitutive feature of American speculative fiction of the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Ulugbek Kuchkarovich Kuchimov, Shakhnoza Azimboyevna Yuldoshova, Dilfuza Zokirovna Rasulmukhamedova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/187 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/188 This article examines the poetics of artistic psychologism as it manifests in the science fiction of Ray Bradbury, with particular emphasis on Fahrenheit 451 (1953), The Martian Chronicles (1950), and the short story collections Something Wicked This Way Comes (1962). The study argues that Bradbury deploys psychological realism not merely as a stylistic device but as a structural mechanism through which dystopian anxiety, memory, and identity are interrogated. Drawing on Freudian theory, narratological frameworks, and cognitive literary studies, the article demonstrates that Bradbury’s narratives construct psychological landscapes in which the inner life of characters becomes the primary arena of ideological conflict. The analysis further situates Bradbury within the broader tradition of American science fiction, showing how his engagement with artistic psychologism distinguishes his work from the techno-deterministic conventions of the genre. Ulugbek Kuchkarovich Kuchimov, Shakhnoza Azimboyevna Yuldoshova, Dilfuza Zokirovna Rasulmukhamedova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/188 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/189 This article undertakes a comparative investigation of artistic psychologism in the science fiction of Isaac Asimov and the horror fiction of Stephen King. Despite the apparent generic distance between Asimov’s rational, scientifically grounded narratives and King’s explorations of psychological terror, both authors employ psychologism as a foundational narrative strategy. Asimov’s Robot series (1950-1985) and Foundation series (1951-1993) are analyzed as extended meditations on cognitive determinism, ethical decision-making, and the psychological dimensions of artificial intelligence. King’s major novels, including The Shining (1977) and It (1986), are examined as explorations of trauma, the unconscious, and the psychology of fear. The article argues that both authors, operating within different genre conventions, use artistic psychologism to probe the boundaries of human consciousness and to interrogate the social and psychological forces that shape individual behavior. Ulugbek Kuchkarovich Kuchimov, Shakhnoza Azimboyevna Yuldoshova, Dilfuza Zokirovna Rasulmukhamedova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/189 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/190 Foreign language proficiency has become an essential component of professional competence in the twenty-first century. The rapid development of globalization, digital technologies, and international academic and professional cooperation has significantly increased the demand for specialists who can communicate effectively in foreign languages. This study explores the prospects for foreign language learning among future specialists in higher education and examines the factors influencing the development of communicative competence. Particular attention is paid to the integration of digital learning environments, artificial intelligence, online educational platforms, and student-centered teaching approaches. The paper analyzes recent developments in language education and identifies the opportunities and challenges associated with improving language proficiency in professional training. The study emphasizes that successful foreign language education requires innovative pedagogical methods, continuous motivation, practical communication, and the effective use of digital resources. The findings demonstrate that integrating modern educational technologies into higher education enhances students’ language competence, professional readiness, and competitiveness in the global labor market. The results may contribute to improving foreign language curricula and developing effective educational strategies for future specialists. Madinabonu Siddiqova, Ogiloy Jorayeva Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/190 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/191 The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and a significant contributor to environmental degradation through the generation of construction waste, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, excessive energy consumption, and inefficient use of water resources. As global attention shifts toward sustainable development, environmental culture has emerged as a fundamental component of responsible construction practices. Environmental culture encompasses the knowledge, attitudes, values, and behaviors that encourage environmentally responsible decision-making throughout the planning, construction, operation, and demolition phases of construction projects. This study examines the importance of environmental culture in the construction industry, identifies the major environmental challenges associated with construction activities, and analyzes strategies for promoting environmentally responsible behavior among construction professionals. The paper highlights the role of environmental education, sustainable construction technologies, waste management, resource conservation, and environmental management systems in improving ecological performance. The findings indicate that strengthening environmental culture contributes to reducing environmental impacts, improving occupational safety, enhancing resource efficiency, and supporting sustainable construction. The study concludes that developing environmental awareness among engineers, managers, and construction workers is essential for achieving environmentally sustainable construction practices. Madinabonu Siddiqova, Ogiloy Jorayeva Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/191 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/192 The relationship between society and nature has always been one of the fundamental aspects of human existence and civilization development. Throughout history, humans have depended on natural resources for survival, economic growth, and technological progress. At the same time, human activities have significantly transformed natural ecosystems, creating both positive and negative consequences for the environment. Industrialization, urban expansion, intensive resource exploitation, and technological development have increased anthropogenic pressure on natural systems, leading to global challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation, pollution, and biodiversity decline. This article examines the role of humans in the interaction between society and nature, focusing on the transformation of human influence from passive adaptation to active environmental modification. The study analyzes the main factors affecting the relationship between human society and natural ecosystems, including economic development, scientific and technological progress, environmental awareness, and sustainable resource management. Particular attention is paid to the responsibility of humans in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring sustainable development. Madinabonu Siddiqova, Ogiloy Jorayeva Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/192 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/193 This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the affixational system of the Uzbek language based on a morphological structural and functional-semantic approach. The role of affixes in the linguistic system, their function in forming grammatical categories, and their contribution to the expansion of the lexical-semantic field are examined. In addition, the typological position of the affixational system in agglutinative languages, its structural stability, and universal linguistic features are discussed. The results of the study demonstrate that the affixational system is a fundamental mechanism in the morphological and functional development of the Uzbek language. Nursulton Shaykhislamov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/193 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/194 This article examines the scientific study of family issues within the field of social psychology. It highlights the significance of the family as a fundamental social institution, explores the psychological characteristics of family relationships, and analyzes major scientific research conducted in this area. The paper also discusses the historical development of family psychology, reviews the theoretical contributions of foreign and Uzbek scholars, and identifies contemporary challenges in studying the modern Uzbek family. Particular attention is paid to the role of family relationships in personality development, socialization processes, and psychological well-being. Shakhnoza Bazarova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/194 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/195 This article examines European standards for the protection of the labour rights of minor workers and the possibilities for their application in the process of improving the labour legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study analyses the provisions of Council Directive 94/33/EC on the Protection of Young People at Work, which regulate the minimum age for employment, working-time restrictions, the prohibition of hazardous and harmful work for minors, and other occupational safety guarantees. A comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of regulating the labour of persons under eighteen years of age is conducted. Based on the findings, proposals are substantiated for improving national legislation aimed at expanding employment guarantees for minors, enhancing the regulation of working and rest time, and strengthening the criminal-law protection of their labour rights. The study concludes that certain European approaches should be adapted with due regard to the specific features of the legal system of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Sitora Saidovna Shoislomova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/195 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/196 This article examines the peculiarities of translating culture-specific items in J.K.Rowling’s novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone into Russian. It explores the theoretical foundations of the concept of culture-specific items (realia), analyzes the main types of such items presented in the novel, and discusses the methods used to render them in Russian. Particular attention is paid to translation techniques such as transcription, calquing, descriptive translation, and functional substitution. The study identifies the main difficulties encountered in translating both national-cultural and author-specific culture-specific items and considers the possibilities of preserving the cultural specificity of the original text. It is concluded that the successful translation of culture-specific items requires not only linguistic competence but also cultural competence on the part of the translator, enabling them to preserve the author’s intent and the national and cultural flavor of the literary work. Darya Umurzakova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://claritaslumen.org/index.php/ercah/article/view/196 Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0500